Angioedema intestinal aislado inducido por enalapril / Isolated intestinal angioedema induced by enalapril

El angioedema inducido por inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina es una entidad poco frecuente caracterizada por edema en piel y mucosas, debido al aumento de la permeabilidad vascular provocada por la inhibición de la enzima convertidora y el subsiguiente aumento de la bradiquinina. De manera frecuente cursa con compromiso facial y de mucosas, siendo infrecuente el compromiso intestinal o de vía aérea. El angioedema intestinal puede presentarse asociado a angioedema facial o aislado, siendo este último excepcional. Cursa con episodios recurrentes de dolor, distensión abdominal y diarrea acuosa con recuperación completa en dos o tres días. Si bien es una entidad poco frecuente, el hecho de que esté asociada a fármacos utilizados con frecuencia nos hace incluirla en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal recurrente. Presentamos un caso de angioedema intestinal aislado, asociado al uso de enalapril.

Angioedema induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is a rare entity characterized by skin and mucosal edema, due to increased vascular permeability caused by inhibition of the converting enzyme and subsequent increase in bradykinin. It frequently presents with facial and mucosal involvement, being uncommon the intestinal or airway compromise. Intestinal angioedema may be associated with facial or isolated angioedema, the latter being exceptional. It is associated with recurrent episodes of pain, abdominal distention and watery diarrhea which complete recovery in two or three days. Although it is a rare entity, the fact that it is associated with frequently used drugs makes us include it in the differential diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain. We report a case of isolated intestinal angioedema associated with the use of enalapril.

Tomografia computada multidetector en la enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado / Multislice computed tomography in small-bowel diverticulosis

La enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado constituye una entidad de rara presentación, que suele confundirse con otras patologías más comunes cuando se complica. Los falsos divertículos son de origen primario o secundario, y asientan mayoritariamente en el duodeno. El divertículo verdadero más frecuente es el de Meckel. Las complicaciones aparecen en menos del 15% de los casos. Entre ellas, se destacan, por frecuencia, la perforación y/o inflamación, la obstrucción, el sangrado, y/o la diarrea crónica. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el rol de la tomografía computada multidetector en el diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado, exponiendo casos de la práctica diaria con correlato quirúrgico de pacientes evaluados en nuestra institución.

Small bowel diverticula is an uncommon and underdiagnosed pathology. False diverticula may be primary or secondary in origin and are frequently located in the duodenum. Meckel's diverticula is the most common true diverticula. Less than 15% of cases suffer complications, of which the following are, with decreasing frequency: inflammation and perforation, obstruction, bleeding, or chronic diarrhoea. In order to contribute to the best diagnosis and management of small-bowel diverticulosis, cases are presented that were initially evaluated with multislice computed tomography and confirmed surgically in our institution.

Abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de las patologías del intestino delgado mediante cápsula endoscópica y enteroscopía de doble balón / Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to small bowel disorders through capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy

Las múltiples patologías del intestino delgado han supuesto un enorme desafío para gastroenterólogos y endoscopistas debido a las muy bajas tasas de rédito diagnóstico que las diferentes técnicas paraclínicas ofrecían. El advenimiento de la cápsula endoscópica y la enteroscopía de doble balón ha permitido una exploración total, segura y eficiente del intestino delgado lo que ha generado un impacto real en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de nuestros pacientes.La cápsula endoscópica es un procedimiento seguro, mínimamente invasivo, no precisa sedación, no genera dolor y permite observar la totalidad del intestino delgado. Por su parte la enteroscopía de doble balón es la técnica endoscópica complementaria necesaria para brindar una intervención terapéutica (cauterizar angiodisplasias, polipectomías, toma de biopsias) logrando así un abordaje resolutivo de las diversas patologías.

Many small bowel disorders represent a great challenge for gastroenterologists and endoscopists due to the very low rates of success showed by the different diagnosis techniques. The advent of the capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy has allowed a total, secure and efficient examination of the small bowel, which represents a real impact in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of our patients. The capsule endoscopy is a safe, minimally invasive procedure, which does not need sedation, does not cause pain, and allows the observation of the totality of the small bowel. Furthermore, the double-balloon endoscopy is the complementary technique necessary to provide a therapeutic procedure (cauterizing angiodysplasia, polypectomy, biopsies), and hence achieving resolution of various disorders.

Tratamiento laparoscópico resectivo por endometriosis severa con compromiso colorrectal: factibilidad y seguridad / Laparoscopic resective treatment for severe endometriosis with colorectal involvement: feasibility and safety

Introducción: La endometriosis intestinal es una forma severa de esta entidad, afectando hasta un 12% de estas pacientes. Su tratamiento quirúrgico resulta difícil debido a la distorsión anatómica que genera, más aún cuando el abordaje es el laparoscópico. Objetivo: Analizar la factibilidad y seguridad terapéutica de las resecciones colorrectales laparoscópicas por endometriosis severa. Diseño: Observacional retrospectivo de una base de datos prospectiva. Material y métodos: Pacientes operadas con diagnóstico de endometriosis con compromiso colorrectal a las cuales se les realizó una resección intestinal entre enero de 2003 y septiembre de 2013. Resultados: De 1343 casos operados, 17 pacientes fueron intervenidas por endometriosis severa con compromiso colorrectal. Edad media 35 años (rango 23 - 47), IMC medio 22 kg/m2 (rango 18 – 35).El segmento frecuentemente afectado fue el recto (52%) y la unión rectosigmoidea (30%).En 9 pacientes se realizó una resección anterior baja, 4 de ellas requirieron ostomía derivativa; 5 pacientes recibieron una Resección anterior alta y 3 pacientes una hemicolectomía derecha. Tiempo operatorio medio 187 min (rango 60 - 360) y el sangrado operatorio medio 90cc (rango 20 - 500). Índice de conversión 11%. No se registraron complicaciones intraoperatorias. Estadía hospitalaria media 4 días (rango 2 - 10).Morbilidad global 23%.Se observaron complicaciones postoperatorias mayores en 1 caso (dehiscencia anastomótica) y menores en 3 casos (retención urinaria). No se registró readmisión hospitalaria y la mortalidad fue nula. Conclusiones: El tratamiento laparoscópico de la endometriosis intestinal severa es una opción factible y segura. En centros entrenados, puede ser adoptada como primera opción en el manejo de la endometriosis pelviana con severo compromiso colorrectal.

Background: Deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel involvement is an aggressive form of endometriosis with an incidence up to 12%.It´s surgical management represents a challenge because of the distortion of the anatomy this entity produces, even more so when the approach is laparoscopical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and security of colorectal laparoscopic resections for bowel endometriosis. Materials and methods: All patients presenting to the Department of Colorectal Surgery with bowel endometriosis from January 2003 to September 2013 were identified from a prospective database and retrospectively analyzed. Results: From 1343 colorectal laparoscopic procedures, 17 patients received surgery because of bowel endometriosis. Median age 35 years (range 23 to 47) and median BMI 22 kg/m2 (range 18 to 35). The most affected segments included Rectum 52% and the Rectosigmoid junction 30%. Resections included 9 low anterior resections (4 of them required fecal diversion), 5 High anterior resections and 3 Right Hemicolectomies. Median operating time was 187 minutes (range 60 to 360). Conversion rate 11%. Median length of stay was 4 days (range 2 to 10). There were none intraoperative complications. Global morbidity rate was 23%. Postoperative major complications occurred in 5.8%: one patient presented an anastomotic leak. There were 3 minor complications consistent of urinary retentions. There were no readmissions and mortality rate was nule. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery of bowel endometriosis is a feasible and safe therapeutic option. In trained centers, it can be adopted as the first option in the management of deep infiltrating pelvic endometriosis with bowel involvement.

Does Radiation Exposure from Abdominal Computed Tomography Increase Cancer Risk in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Behcet Disease?

No abstract available.

Radiation Exposure from Abdominal Imaging Studies in Patients with Intestinal Behcet Disease

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, several studies have revealed that diagnostic imaging can result in exposure to harmful levels of ionizing radiation in inflammatory bowel disease patients. However, the extent of radiation exposure in intestinal Behcet disease (BD) patients has not been documented. The aim of this study was to estimate the radiation exposure from abdominal imaging studies in intestinal BD patients. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of intestinal BD established between January 1990 and March 2012 were investigated at a single tertiary academic medical center. The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from standard tables and by counting the number of abdominal imaging studies performed. High exposure was defined as CED >50 mSv. RESULTS: In total, 270 patients were included in the study. The mean CED was 41.3 mSv, and 28.1% of patients were exposed to high levels of radiation. Computed tomography (CT) accounted for 81.7% of the total effective dose. In multivariate analyses, predictors of high radiation exposure were azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine use, surgery, and hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately a quarter of intestinal BD patients were exposed to harmful levels of diagnostic radiation, mainly from CT examination. Clinicians should reduce the number of unnecessary CT examinations and consider low-dose CT profiles or alternative modalities such as magnetic resonance enterography.

Enteroclisis por tomografia computada / Enteroclysis by computed tomography

CT Enteroclysis is a new technique consisting in a MDCT of the abdomen and pelvis after the administration of water, through a nasojejunal tube, and intravenous contrast, resulting in adecuate distension and visualisation of the small bowel wall. The use of this technique is especially recommended in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown etiology, possible neoplastic process of the small bowel, partial small bowel obstruction and inflammatory bowel disease. It is fast, has a high accuracy and has the capability of depicting extraintestinal findings.

La enteroclisis por tomografia computada (E-TC) es una técnica de reciente uso que consiste en la realización de una tomografia computada (TC) multidetector de abdomen y pelvis, posterior a la administración de 2 litros de agua a través de una sonda nasoenteral e inyección de medio de contraste endovenoso. Ello permite una adecuada distensión y visualización de las asas de intestino delgado. Sus principales indicaciones son: Sospecha de en-fermedad inflamatoria intestinal, neoplasias de intestino delgado, hemorragia digestiva con estudio endoscópico negativo y obstrucción parcial intestinal. Se ha reportado un alto rendimiento, es rápida y agrega sobre otras técnicas de estudio de intestino la ventaja de poder visualizar alteraciones extraintestinales.

Hepatic and small bowel mucormycosis after chemotherapy in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Mucormycosis is a rare but invasive opportunistic fungal infection with increased frequency during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The clinical infections due to Mucor include rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and disseminated diseases. The first two are the most common diseases and all entities are associated with a high mortality rate. Still hepatic involvement of Mucor is rarely reported. We experienced a case of hepatic and small bowel mucormycosis in a 56-year-old woman after induction chemotherapy for B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Initial symptoms were a high fever unresponsive to broad spectrum antibiotics and pain in the left lower abdominal quadrant. It was followed by septic shock, deterioration of icterus and progressively elevated transaminase. An abdominal CT demonstrated multiple hypodense lesions with distinct margins in both lobes of liver and pericolic infiltration at small bowel and ascending colon. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the liver. The histopathology of the liver showed hyphae with the right-angle branching, typical of mucormycosis. The patient was managed with amphotericin B and operative correction of the perforated part of the small bowel was performed. However, the patient expired due to progressive hepatic failure despite corrective surgery and long-term amphotericin B therapy.